Stop buying microphones! Understanding these four core technologies can directly double the sound quality of the radio.

Many people do live broadcasts, shoot videos and record dubbing. They always think that the poor sound quality is because the equipment is cheap. If you change your expensive microphone, there will still be noise, stuffy voice and easy whistling. In fact, the fundamental problem is not the price, but the failure to understand the underlying core technology of the microphone.
The working logic of all microphones is the same: first, the hardware captures the sound, and then the algorithm optimizes the sound quality. Today, with plain and straightforward dry goods, we can explain the core technology of microphone at one time to help you avoid pits and choose the right equipment accurately.
First, the pickup unit: the key to determine the "foundation" of human voice
The essence of microphone is to convert air sound waves into electrical signals. Different pickup units directly determine the timbre, clarity and applicable scenes of human voice. The mainstream is divided into four categories:
1. Dynamic wheat: resistant to noise and noise, preferred for outdoor stage.
The principle is similar to that of a reverse speaker, which generates sound by cutting a magnetic field with a coil, without power supply and with a solid structure. The biggest advantage is that it can withstand large volume, is not afraid of noisy environment, is wind-proof, fall-proof and moisture-proof, and hardly receives environmental noise.
The disadvantage is that the sensitivity is low, it needs close-range radio, and the high-frequency details are general, which is not suitable for quiet and fine dubbing recording, and is more suitable for live outdoor, roadshows and karaoke scenes.
2. Large diaphragm condenser microphone: the ceiling of professional voice
It is also a standard for recording studios, podcasts and dubbing. Ultra-thin diaphragm is extremely sensitive, which can capture the breath of human voice, teeth sound and subtle emotional details, with complete frequency response, full, warm and transparent voice.
However, it is "very delicate" and eats the environment extremely. The sound of air conditioning, the sound of traffic and the echo of the room will be clearly recorded. It is only suitable for quiet indoor use, and it is afraid of falling and damp, so it needs to be cherished and maintained in daily use.
3. ECM electret microphone: popular model for civilians
Most of our mobile phones, ordinary earphones and cheap collar-clip microphones use this type, which is small in size, low in cost and without power supply, and can meet the needs of daily voice calls and simple recording, but the dynamic range is poor, the loud volume is easily distorted, and the sound quality is relatively ordinary.
4. MEMS silicon wheat: the current mainstream dark horse
Made by semiconductor chip technology, it has ultra-small volume, strong stability, high temperature resistance and vibration resistance, and is now the mainstream configuration of wireless collar and smart equipment. With the chip noise reduction algorithm, clean and high-definition human voice can be run out in a small volume, and the cost performance is extremely high.
Second, directivity: physical noise reduction is more reliable than the algorithm.
Many people blindly pursue AI noise reduction, but ignore the most crucial point: good sound quality depends on hardware to "screen out noise" first. The directivity of the microphone is to directionally collect human voices and shield unnecessary noise through the cavity structure.
1. Heart-shaped pointing | Universal choice for live broadcast and video recording
Only the voice in front is accurately collected, the environmental noise and equipment echo on the side and rear will be greatly attenuated, and the anti-howling and anti-noise effects are the best. It is suitable for most self-media, live broadcast and dubbing scenes, and it is a universal model with eyes closed.
2. All-directional | conference-specific
360 omni-directional radio, no dead angle to pick up ambient sound, suitable for multi-person meetings, whole house radio, but obvious shortcomings, unable to filter noise, noisy environment is not suitable.
3. 8-shaped pointing | Special for professional interviews
Only the front and rear sounds are picked up, and the noises on the left and right sides are automatically cancelled, which is specially suitable for two-person dialogue and interview recording, and the scene is highly targeted.
Third, DSP algorithm: the core barrier of high-end microphone
Simple hardware radio has limitations. If you want to produce clean voice in complex environment, it depends on the real-time operation optimization of the built-in DSP digital chip, and three core algorithms are indispensable:
1. Beamforming: Accurately lock the voice.
By calculating the time difference and phase difference of the sound, the software simulates the "directional radio beam", which firmly locks the speaker's sound source, and can accurately separate the human voice from the environmental noise in the downtown and crowded environment without damaging the human voice texture.
2. AEC echo cancellation: eliminate howling noise.
Solve the problems of echo and harsh howling during live broadcast and sound reinforcement, offset the repeated sound returned by the speaker in real time, put an end to the cyclic amplification of sound, and make the radio clean and not harsh.
3. AI noise reduction +AGC automatic gain
AI intelligently distinguishes human voice from air conditioning, traffic flow, keyboard and other noises, and dynamically filters noise; AGC automatically balances the volume, automatically gains when speaking in a low voice and automatically compresses when speaking in a high voice, which completely solves the problem that the radio is suddenly big and small.
Fourth, wireless transmission: determine whether the radio is stable and distorted.
The sound quality of wired microphones is stable and lossless, while the sound quality gap of wireless microphones basically comes from the difference of transmission technology:
High-end 2.4G private protocol: almost lossless transmission, extremely low delay, high-frequency voice integrity, not boring, is the mainstream choice for live broadcast and short video simultaneous recording.
Ordinary Bluetooth coding: high compression loss, loss of vocal details, poor sound quality, only suitable for daily calls, not suitable for professional recording.
32-bit floating-point recording: exclusive function of high-end equipment, local preservation of original lossless human voice, avoiding wireless transmission loss, higher fault tolerance rate in later editing and purer sound quality.
Five, ordinary people choose to avoid pit core summary
Quiet indoor live broadcast, dubbing and recording songs: choose large diaphragm condenser microphone+heart-shaped pointing, and the voice is transparent and delicate.
Outdoor, street, noisy scenes: choose dynamic wheat/high-end MEMS wireless wheat, which is noise-resistant and durable.
Multi-person conference, whole house radio: select all-directional array microphone, and there is no dead angle in radio.
Give priority to hardware pointing+physical noise reduction, and don't be overly superstitious about one-button AI noise reduction (excessive algorithm will smooth out vocal details)